First Book of 2019: The Plot Against America by Philip Roth

The first book I read this year is “The Plot Against America”by Philip Roth.  It is a counter-factual history of America that has FDR losing the Presidential election in 1940 to Charles A. Lindbergh, the Republican candidate, but really, the “America First” candidate.

This fast-paced book is told from the perspective of a Jewish boy living in Newark, New Jersey. He is the younger of two boys over a working class family who are the children of immigrants to America. 

As the book unfolds, America seems to inexorably drawn into World War II in support of the allies who are in headlong retreat from the Nazis and Imperial Japan. The forces against war are united by the slogan “America First.” Charles Lindbergh really was a leader in this movement and really did want America to stay out of the war, but in the book, Lindbergh improbably becomes the nominee of the Republican Party by showing up at a deadlocked convention and winning in a 3 a.m.  ballot. 

Then the book gets eerie. Lindbergh crisscrosses America flying himself from city to farm town holding rallies.  At these rallies he stays with his anti-war and pro-Nazi message and wins the election in a landslide (not by 80,000 votes).

With his election, anti-Semitic policies begin, first with youth programs, then forced relocation and America becomes more and more an ally of the Nazis. The end of the Lindbergh Presidency is very quick. I won’t give spoilers. But the compromises and lies that lead the nation to the brink of a Jewish pogrom are told in a way that seems all too plausible. 

Having the whole story narrated by a young boy allows Roth to use hysterical narration and remain completely plausible. 

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My Favorite Book of 2018

My favorite book of 2018: These Truths by Jill Lepore

My favorite book of 2018 is Jill Lepore's new book "These Truths: A History of the United States." At 960 pages, the book is so good it feels too short.

The most haunting section of the book is on pages 284-5 about the arrival of Charles Darwin's book "The Origin of Species" in America. Darwin’s book was published in 1859; just two years after the Dred Scott v. Sandford Supreme Court Case said people of African descent could never be American citizens.

Part of the reasoning in that decision was the belief that races were fundamentally different and, worse still, that all Black people were inferior, the descendants of the Ham, the bad son of Noah.

Henry David Thoreau filled six notebooks as he read The Origin of Species. For abolitionists like Thoreau, Darwin's book was proof that all people really are equal. And all genetic evidence since the discovery of the structure of the genome a century later in 1953 says the same.

Races of Homo sapiens differ very little from each other. More importantly, the definition of a species is the ability to produce fertile offspring. Every race of Homo sapiens on earth can have children with every other race. These children can have more children. We are all one species.

It goes without saying that the South rejected Darwin. Slave owners believed themselves superior to Blacks, and all other non-white races. In defeat, the spread Jim Crow laws across the South to disenfranchise Blacks.

Today, Charles Darwin remains the leading villain of anti-science Evangelicals and other fundamentalists. The Creation Museum in Kentucky links Darwin to every social problem in the last 150 years. But the truth is, Evolution, no matter how it is misunderstood and misappropriated, says we are all one species.

The Creation Museum and other Evangelical history blames Darwin for inspiring Nazis.  The irony is that Nazis, like Creationists, twist science to their own needs. But as to inspiration, Hitler was truly inspired by the Jim Crow South. Hitler did not originally plan extermination. The American South gave Hitler a blueprint for a society with separated races: a master race and inferior races.

Lepore also makes clear that keeping slavery was the cause of the Civil War. She tracks the increase in the price of slaves in the decade before the Civil War and shows that Louisiana and other slaves states wanted to re-open the slave trade to satisfy growing demand for slaves. Following the money shows that slavery was the center of the secessionist states leaving the union. States Rights was a lie told later.

Lepore also tells the story of Quaker dissenter Benjamin Lay. He was a minister during “The First Great Awakening” a religious revival in the 1730s. While the revivals roared through country, Lay preached against those who had faith experience, but kept the slaves they owned. Lay said all who kept slaves were Apostates, they were wasting their time proclaiming religious conversion. The Abolitionist movement began long before the country was founded. Preachers like Benjamin Lay led the fight against slavery that ended slavery in the North. In the South, slave owners found preachers to twist the Bible into a pro-slavery shape just for them.

The book covers all of American history from 1492 to 2017. It says very little about wars, but looks deeply at the history of women, minorities, religion and the social movements of the last 500 years. I am sure I will read it again.

The Year in Podcasts 2018

MartyrMade a podcast by Darry Cooper

I started listening to podcasts almost as soon as I bought an iPhone more than a decade ago. At first, I listened to news and commentary. My favorite by far was the original NPR Politics podcast with Ron Elving and Ken Rudin. Each week they analyzed the news with Rudin making jokes and Elving acting as the straight man. 

Then "Wait, Wait Don't Tell Me" became a podcast and I listened to that show every week in my ears instead of on the radio.  But the show that moved podcasts beyond repackaged NPR for me was "The History of Rome" by Mike Duncan. It aired between 2007 and 2012. THoR is still on iTunes. The 179 numbered episodes, plus more than a dozen extra episodes, chronicle the Roman Empire from the fall of Troy to the last Emperor Romulus in 472 AD.  Duncan is a self-confessed history geek who found an outlet in podcasting for his personal obsession and encyclopedic knowledge of the history of the Roman Empire. 

I recommend THoR to anyone interested in Rome.

After THoR, I listened to podcasts on history, philosophy and science. In 2016, I switched back to politics. My current favorite, in addition to NPR Politics, is Trumpcast. This show by Slate was supposed to tell people in detail just what a crook and liar was candidate Trump. They planned an End of Show party on the night of the election.  But the show continued when the candidate who brags of grabbing women by the pussy won the election.

It is a deep and fun dive several times a week into the on-going corruption and lies of the current administration. 

But my favorite podcast is another one-man show by an intense, obsessed man named Darryl Cooper.  His podcast is MartyrMade. The first six episodes are a history of Palestine in the first half of the 20th Century.  Six episodes may seem short, but two of them were more than five hours long!  Six episodes is nearly 20 hours of riveting history. Like Mike Duncan, Cooper propels the story by the intensity he brings to the topic. He mentioned reading 30 books to prepare for episode 5. I don't doubt it. 

I am always open to recommendations. If you have favorite podcasts, let me know.

First Book of 2019, "A Tale of Love and Darkness" by Amos Oz

Amos Oz with his parents 

Fania and Yehuda Arye Klausner

Jerusalem 1946

I am reading “A Tale of Love and Darkness” by Amos Oz.  It is his autobiography. The only other book I read by him is "How to Cure a Fanatic" which I bought in Yad Vashem in Jerusalem last year.  Oz passed away just a few days ago, so I decided to read about his life. He has written more than twenty novels and nearly as many non-fiction works.  Just 24 pages into the book, I am finding it magical. I transcribe passages I like so I can remember them and refer to them again. Below is a long and beautiful passage about books and love and life.

To introduce the passage: Oz was born in Jerusalem in 1939. His father was a librarian.  When Amos was seven, his father gave him one half of one of the many bookshelves that filled their small apartment. Amos lined up the books by height. When his father came home, he was aghast. Then he was silent.  The passage that follows is beautiful. It is a lesson I learned much later than Amos Oz. As I read the passage I was overwhelmed with the recognition that occurs when I read something and know that the writer and I see some part of the world the same way. Oz writes:

            “At the end of the silence Father began talking, in the space of twenty minutes, he revealed to me the facts of life. He held nothing back. He initiated me into the deepest secrets of the librarians lore: he laid bare the main highway as well as the forest tracks, dizzying prospects of variations, nuances, fantasies, exotic avenues, daring schemes and even eccentric whims. Books can be arranged by subject, by alphabetical order of authors’ names, by series of publishers, in chronological order, by languages, by topics, by areas and fields, or even by place of publication. There are so many different ways.

            “And so I learnt the secret of diversity. Life is made up of different avenues. Everything can happen in one of several ways, according to different musical scores and parallel logics. Each of the parallel logics is consistent and coherent in its own terms, perfect in itself, indifferent to all the others.

            “In the days that followed I spent hours on end arranging my little library, twenty or thirty books that I dealt and shuffled like a pack of cards, rearranging them in all sorts of different ways.

            “So I learnt from books the art of composition, not from what was in them but from the books themselves, from their physical being. They taught me about the dizzying no-man’s-land or twilight zone between permitted and forbidden, between the legitimate and the eccentric, between the normative and the bizarre. This lesson has remained with me ever since. By the time I discovered love, I was no greenhorn. I knew that there different menus. I knew that there was a motorway and a scenic route, also unfrequented byways where the foot of man had barely trodden. There were permitted things that were almost forbidden and forbidden things that were almost permitted. There were so many different ways.”

Books of 2018: Three Novels by Alison Joseph

Since September, I read three mystery novels by Alison Joseph. She is the author of a dozen books set in early 20^th Century England in small country villages.  Agatha Christie is a character in some of the dozen or so books Alison Joseph has published, including one of the novels I read. Christie is trying to write a book and is interrupted by being dragged reluctantly into solving an actual murder. 

I am not very good at puzzles, so I read mysteries that are good stories. When I got to the end of each of the novels, I was surprised to find who committed the murders. I won’t say anything else because any clue at all helps those sharp-minded people who love solving mysteries and really can figure out “Who Done It?” before the end.

I read all of Dorothy Sayers Lord Peter Whimsy novels because I loved the stories. I feel the same about the novels of Alison Joseph. They are really good stories that happen to be about solving a murder. 

This year I read: Murder Will Out, Dying to Know and Hidden Sins. Next month I’m planning to read The Dying Light.

Three Books by the Historian Timothy Snyder

Timothy Snyder, historian of the Holocaust and Eastern Europe

Three books by the historian Timothy Snyder about the Holocaust, fascism and tyranny:

On Tyranny is a little book published as it became clear that Donald Trump would be the Republican candidate for President. The book lists 20 lessons from the 20^th Century on tyranny and its consequences. I copied each of the 20 lessons and posted them on Facebook in the 20 days prior to the 2018 elections.  I thought there was a chance the President would cancel the election. All of his tendencies are tyrannical.

Black Earth is a country-by-country history of the Holocaust with manner of death per country and the political situation in each that encouraged slaughter or survival.  At the end of the book, Snyder acknowledges the heroes who saved Jews from the slaughter that was the worst in countries between Germany. Then he says the Holocaust represents a complete failure of the state Churches. I have always believed the Church dies when it has power. Snyder demonstrates this in terrible detail.

The Road to Unfreedom maps the demise of democracy in Russia, Europe and America as authoritarian leaders take control of democratic governments. This book is contemporary history. Snyder shows how Russia attacked Ukraine both on the ground and in cyberspace. It also covers how those living in Eastern Europe were expected Trump to win long before Americans thought he had a chance. This book is much less sad than Black Earth, but since it so clearly shows how democracy is crumbling it is very chilling.

2018--A Year of Books in Groups of Three

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Jill Lepore, author of These Truths, my favorite book of 2018

When I looked at the list of books I read in 2018, I realized that the books fell into groups of three:

·      Three books by the historian of The Holocaust, Eastern Europe and Fascism, Timothy Snyder.

·      Three detective novels by the delightful mystery writer Alison Joseph.

·      I re-read three books by C.S. Lewis.

·      In addition to threes by author, there were threes by type:  I read three science books, three books with French text, and, including books I am currently reading, three books with Russian text and three with Hebrew text, just one with Ancient Greek text.

·      I read three philosophy books: two by Hannah Arendt, one by Mark Belaguer.

·      Among the seven history books I read were three about Israel: one about the Yom Kippur War, one about the Battle for Jerusalem in 1948, and one chronicling the history of the Hebrew language.

·      Another three history books were about America. I finally read Anti-Intellectualism in America by Richard Hofstadter, at the same time I was reading and annotated Constitution of the US, and my favorite book of the year These Truths by Jill Lepore—a one-volume, nearly-one-thousand-page history of the United States.

·      The dozen fiction books I read include the three by Alison Joseph; three authors I have read for the first time: Philip Roth, Michael Chabon, and Albert Camus; three books by authors of whom I have read nearly everything the have written: Kazuo Ishiguro, Mark Helprin and George Orwell; and I finally read Dune by Frank Herbert.

·      Since everything can’t go in threes, I read one art book, a biography of U.S. Grant, Four Quartets by T.S. Eliot, two self-help books and a dull memoir.

·      This year there were no books I loathed, as happened last year, but I did have the experience for the first time of not really liking a book by Kazuo Ishiguro. This year I read Unconsoled. I had read all of his other books and stories and was enthralled. But Unconsoled left me flat. I read it to the end, hoping the magic would be there, but it was not. On the other hand, the book I read by Mark Helprin “Paris in the Present Tense” is now my favorite among all of his books and stories.

In future blog posts, I will write in more detail about my groups of three.  

Since I am getting more and more history and analysis from podcasts, I am also going to write a post about this method of information delivery along with books.