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In July of 1943, the German Army’s ability to attack the
Soviet Army ended in smoking wrecks and twisted bodies. The German attack on Kursk was supposed to
turn the war around and put the Wehrmacht back on the offensive. A series of
delays that gave the Soviets time to prepare massive defenses doomed the attack
from the start—before the start.
In his book, Battle of the Tanks, Kursk, 1943, Lloyd
Clark tells the story of Kursk beginning with the rise to power of both Hitler
and Stalin. Clark makes the case that the strengths and weaknesses of these two
men made the biggest tank battle in history inevitable.
Clark mixes eyewitness accounts of tank crews and other
soldiers on both sides with the high-level view of Generals and the two Supreme
Commanders. He begins in the 1930s when
both leaders consolidated power and traces decisions on both sides that led to
what remains the largest tank battle in the history of the world.
One of the key differences between Hitler and Stalin in the
view of Lloyd is that while both retained the title of Supreme Commander, Stalin
was willing to name Georgy Zhukov his deputy and ceded much power to him in
deciding the conduct of the battle.
Hitler trusted no one else. In the view of most of Hitler’s
generals, the battle should have begun on schedule in April. In Kursk Hitler
repeated his error of 1941 in delaying Operation Barbarossa until June 22. Hitler held back his forces until the arrival
of Panther and Tiger tanks. But in the
three months that the Germans delayed, the Russians added layers and depth to
their defenses. By July, the Russians
were dug in and outnumbered the Germans nearly two to one.
In the grinding dozen days of battle total casualties far
exceeded a million killed and wounded. The Russians lost more men by far than
the Germans, but, as the Germans lamented, the Russian reserves seemed
inexhaustible and the German reserves were exhausted.
After Kursk, the German Army fell back for nearly two years
until the Soviet Army captured Berlin.
Lloyd does a good job of telling the story of the battle as
well as keeping the broader context.
